I-roller shaft yenziwe ngensimbi engu-40CrMnMoA enesisindo esingamathani angu-36.6, eyenziwe nge-ingot yensimbi engamathani angu-60.5. Inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza ifaka: ukuncibilikisa, ukusakaza → ukubumba → ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemuva kokubumba → ukushintshwa okuqinile → ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, amaphutha aqhubekayo adlula imikhawulo ebekiwe atholakala ekugcineni kwe-nozzle, kanti ububanzi obulingana obuphezulu buyi-∅6 mm, busatshalaliswa ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuphakathi be-∅350 mm. Ukusatshalaliswa kwephutha elithile kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1; ngokwezindinganiso, i-shaft yathathwa njengengahambisani, futhi ukubumba kwasuswa. Ukuze kuhlaziywe imbangela yamaphutha, amasampula aqoqwe endaweni ethinteke kakhulu ukuze kuhlaziywe amaphutha; izindawo eziqondile zokuthatha isampula zikhonjiswa ngamabhokisi kuMfanekiso 1.

1.1 Ukuhlolwa Kokukhulisa Okuphansi

Ezindaweni eziboniswe kuMfanekiso 1, amasampula okuphuka kanye nezingcezu zokuhlolwa eziphansi zokukhulisa kwaqoqwa ukuze kuhlaziywe. Izingcezu zokuhlolwa eziphansi zokukhulisa zagaywa futhi zahlolwa ngokuhlolwa kokugqwala okushisayo kwe-asidi; ngemva kokugezwa nge-asidi, zabonwa isikhathi esithile. Iphutha lokuqhekeka latholakala enkabeni yengcezu yokuhlolwa, enemiphetho yokuqhekeka ebushelelezi nechazwe kahle. Izinto ezingezona ezensimbi zazikhona ngaphakathi kweqhekeka, futhi izinto eziningi ezifana namaphuzu zabonwa eduze kweqhekeka. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqala kusikisela ukuthi leli phutha liwuqhekeko olufakwe yi-slag. Azikho ezinye izinkinga ezifana nokuhlukaniswa okufana namaphuzu noma ukuvuleka okutholiwe. Umbono okhulisiwe wendawo wephutha uboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.

1.2 Ukuhlaziywa Kokuqhekeka Okukhulu

Isampula yokuqhekeka yahlukunyezwa futhi yaqhekeka ngemuva kwendawo yesici. Ukwakheka kwendawo ephukile ngemva kokuvulwa kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Kungabonakala ukuthi ubuso bokuqhekeka bubonakala bumpunga lapho kuvuleka ngaphansi kokukhula okuphansi, kanye namaphutha amaningi ampunga eduze kwendawo yokuqhekeka; la maphutha kungenzeka ukuthi angamaphutha okufakwa kwe-slag. Ukuqhekeka kubonisa ukwakheka kokuqhekeka okukristalu. Ukwakheka kwendawo kwesici okukhulisiwe kwethulwe kuMfanekiso 4.

1.3 Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali

Amasampula aqoqwe kumasampula anobukhulu obuphansi ukuze kuhlaziywe ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, kanti imiphumela ivezwe kuThebula 1. Njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 1, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwamasampula kuhambisana nezidingo ze-JB/T 6396-2006. Nakuba okuqukethwe kwe-C kuphansi kakhulu, kuhlangabezana nemikhawulo yokuphambuka evunyelwe yokwakheka kwensimbi okuchazwe ku-GB/T 222. Ukugxila kwazo zonke ezinye izinto kuwela ngaphakathi kwebanga elibekiwe, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kuyafaneleka.

1.4 Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Metallographic

Amasampula aqoqwe endaweni yesici sesampula yokuqhekeka ukuze kuhlaziywe nge-metallographic. Ngemva kokugaya nokupholisha, ukuhlolwa nge-microscopic kwembule ukufakwa okuningi okungeyona insimbi engxenyeni ende yesampula; izithombe zalokhu kufakwa ziboniswe kuMfanekiso 5. Ngemva kokuqoshwa ngesisombululo se-nitric acid-alcohol esingu-4%, isakhiwo esincane sabonisa ukwakheka kwe-pearlite-ferrite okunezici ezijwayelekile ze-metallographic. Isithombe se-metallographic esiyisisekelo sivezwe kuMfanekiso 6.

1.5 Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Electron Microscopy

Amasampula aqoqwe ezindaweni eziboniswe kuMfanekiso 3 ukuze kuskenwe ukuhlaziywa kwe-electron microscopy (SEM). Ukwakheka kokufakwa ngaphansi kwe-SEM kwethulwe kuMfanekiso 7. Ukwakheka kokwaphuka kwe-substrate kubonisa izici zokwaphuka kwe-dislocation, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 8. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) kokufakwa kwembule ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo kuqukethe ikakhulukazi izakhi ezifana ne-Al, Si, ne-Ca, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 9 no-10.

2 Ukuhlaziywa kanye Nengxoxo

Ukwakheka kwe-roll shaft kubonisa amaphutha amakhulu ekukhulisweni okuphansi, kanye nokufakwa okuningi okungeyona insimbi okubonakalayo ngaphansi kokukhula okuphezulu. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-electron microscopy kanye ne-energy dispersive spectroscopy yezindawo zokuqhekeka ezithinteke kakhulu kwembule ukuthi amaphutha aqukethe kakhulu i-aluminium (Al), i-silicon (Si), ne-calcium (Ca). Njengoba i-Al, i-Si, ne-Ca kungezona izakhi eziyinhloko zokuhlanganisa ze-40CrMnMoA roll shaft forging kodwa kunalokho yizingxenye eziyinhloko ze-heating and diffusion deoxidizer (i-Si-Al-Ca-Ba powder) esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, la maphutha abonakala njengokufakwa komkhiqizo we-deoxidation oqukethe i-aluminium, i-silicon, ne-calcium. Ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezifakiwe, indlela ye-deoxidation esetshenzisiwe, kanye nezindawo zamaphutha, kuphethwa ngokuthi lokhu kufakwa kwakheka lapho imikhiqizo ye-deoxidation yehluleka ukuphakama ngokugcwele noma ibanjwe amafilimu e-oxide ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, kamuva yangena ku-ingot nensimbi encibilikisiwe ngesikhathi sokuphonswa. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya eyalandela, i-浇口 ayizange isuswe ngokuphelele, okwaholela ekutheni kube neziphambeko ezinkulu ezidlula imikhawulo eyamukelekayo futhi kwenze iziphambeko zibe neziphambeko.

3 Isiphetho

Iphutha elikhulu kulokhu kufakwa kwe-roller shaft ukufakwa kwe-slag, kanti izingxenye eziyinhloko ziyizinto ezifana ne-Al, Si, kanye ne-Ca.