Ukupholisa kweforgingsibhekisa ekupholiseni ukusuka kwiqondo lokugqibela lokubumba ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi emvaukwenza.Ukuba indlela yokupholisa ayikhethwanga ngokufanelekileyo, iforgingsinokuchithwa ngenxa yokuqhekeka okanye amabala amhlophe, kwaye imveliso inokuchaphazeleka ngokwandisa umjikelo wemveliso.Ngoko ke,ukwenzaUkupholisa kwakhona ikhonkco ebalulekileyo kwiukwenzaimveliso.Ukudala uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwinkqubo yokupholisa: i-billet iya kuvelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwinkqubo yokufudumala, kunye neukwenzakuya kubangela uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwinkqubo yokupholisa.Ngenxa yokubaforgingszikwimo eelastiki kunye nobushushu obuphantsi kwithuba lokupholisa kamva, umngcipheko wokupholisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi mkhulu kunolo lokufudumeza uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.Ngokwezizathu ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ngexesha lokupholisa, kukho uxinzelelo lobushushu, uxinzelelo lwezicubu kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo.

1. Uxinzelelo lobushushu kwinqanaba lokuqalaukwenzaukupholisa, ukupholisa phezulu ngokukhawuleza, ukucutha umthamo omkhulu;Ukupholisa kwengundoqo kucotha kwaye umthamo uyancipha.Njengoko ukuncipha komphezulu kuthintelwa yintliziyo, uxinzelelo lobushushu lwenziwa ngaphakathi kwi-forging, umphezulu woxinzelelo oluqinileyo, kwaye intliziyo iluxinzelelo olucinezelayo.Ukuba iukwenzaIzinto eziphathekayo yintsimbi ethambileyo enokumelana okuncinci kunye nokuguqulwa okulula, kunye nokupholisa okuqhubekayo, uxinzelelo lwe-tensile oluveliswa kumphezulu kwinqanaba lokuqala lokupholisa luncitshiswa ngokuthe ngcembe lube ngu-zero ngokukhululeka kwe-deformation.Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokupholisa, ubushushu bomhlaba buphantsi kakhulu, kwaye i-volume shrinkage iyayeka, ngelixa i-core volume shrinkage inqandelwe ngumgangatho ophezulu.Ngenxa yoko, isimboli soxinzelelo lweqondo lobushushu siyatshintsha, umaleko womphezulu uba luxinzelelo olucinezelayo, kwaye undoqo uba luxinzelelo loxinzelelo.Ukuba izinto zentsimbi eziqinileyo zokuxhathisa ukuchasana noguquko olukhulu, ekuqaleni komphezulu wokupholisa woxinzelelo lwe-tensile akakwazi ukuphumla, kade kuyaphola, ukucutheka kwevolumu nangona undoqo uncanyathiselwe kuxinzelelo lomphezulu woxinzelelo, kodwa unokwenza umphezulu. kwangethuba ivelisa uxinzelelo lwe-tensile luyancipha, kwaye aluyi kubangela utshintsho kuxinzelelo lobushushu beesimboli, umphezulu useluxinzelelo lwe-tensile, intliziyo iseluxinzelelo olucinezelayo.Ngoko ke, iintsimbi zentsimbi ezithambileyo zinokubonakala ukuqhekeka kwangaphakathi xa kupholiswa, kunye nentsimbi eqinileyo yokufogina kulula ukuvelisa ukuqhekeka kwangaphandle xa kupholisa.

2. Uxinzelelo lombuthoforgingskwinkqubo yokupholisa, njengokuguqulwa kwesigaba, ngaphezu kokubangela uxinzelelo lweqondo lokushisa, kuya kuvelisa uxinzelelo lwentlangano, kwakhona ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwamandla athile ombutho ngaphambi nangemva kokuguqulwa kwesigaba, kunye nesiphumo sokuguqulwa kwesigaba esahlukileyo. ixesha etafileni forging.Ezifana forgings kwinkqubo yokupholisa yenguqu martensite, kunye lobushushu forgings kuncitshiswe, umphezulu martensite utshintsho, ngenxa martensite umthamo ethile mkhulu kunomthamo ethile austenite, ngoko uxinzelelo lombutho obangelwa kumphezulu lucinezela. uxinzelelo, intliziyo ixinezelekile.Kodwa ngeli xesha, iqondo lobushushu eliphambili liphezulu ngokwentelekiso, kwindawo elungileyo yeplastiki ye-austenite, ngokusebenzisa i-deformation yeplastiki yendawo, olu xinzelelo lungasentla luphumla ngokukhawuleza.Emva koko i-forging iqhubekile ipholile, inguqu ye-martensitic yenzeke entliziyweni, emva koko uxinzelelo lombutho, intliziyo luxinzelelo olucinezelayo, umgangatho ophezulu luxinzelelo lwe-tensile.Uxinzelelo luyanda kuze kube yilapho ukuguqulwa kwe-martensite kugqityiwe.Njengoko umthamo othile wazo zonke izigaba kwintsimbi inkulu kune-austenite, uxinzelelo lwe-microstructure oluveliswa ngolunye utshintsho lwe-microstructure ngexesha lokupholisa ukubunjwa nalo lunomthetho ongentla.
3.uxinzelelo olushiyekileyoforgingskwinkqubo yokubunjwa, ngenxa yokuguqulwa okungalinganiyo koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangelwa kukuqina komsebenzi, njengesiphelo sinokuthi sibe yi-recrystallization ethambileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuyiphelisa, emva kokubaukwenzaiya kuba yintsalela yoxinzelelo olugciniweyo.Ukusasazwa koxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kwi-forging ngaphakathi kweqela lesibhengezo ngokwe-deformation engalinganiyo kwiqela lesibhengezo.Isenokuba luxinzelelo loxinzelelo kumphezulu kunye noxinzelelo olucinezelayo embindini, okanye ngokuchaseneyo.Kunokubonwa ukuba kukho iintlobo ezintathu zoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olukhankanywe ngasentla kwinkqubo yokupholisa emvaukwenza, kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lulonke lubekwe ngaphezulu kwezintathu.Xa ixabiso loxinzelelo oluphezulu lugqithise umda wamandla, luya kubangela iintanda kwiindawo ezihambelanayoukwenza, iintanda zokupholisa zihlala zisenzeka xa ubushushu buphantsi kwaye iplastiki ihlwempuzekile:.Njengoko i-superposition yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ayizange ibangele umonakalo, ukuphela kokupholisa kuya kugcinwa, okubizwa ngokuba yi-residual stress of forging.