Izinto zokubumba ziyi-carbon steel kunye ne-alloy steel, ilandelwa yi-aluminium, i-magnesium, ithusi, i-titanium kunye ne-alloys yazo.Imeko yokuqala yezinto eziphathekayo yibha, ingot, umgubo wesinyithi kunye nentsimbi engamanzi.Umlinganiselo wendawo ye-cross-sectional yentsimbi ngaphambi nangemva kokuguqulwa kwe-deformation yifowuni ...
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