Emva kwe-annealing, normalizing, quenching, tempering kunye nokulungiswa kobushushu bokulungiswa kwendawo, ukubunjwa kunokuvelisa ukuphazamiseka kwonyango lwe-thermal.

Isizathu esisisiseko sokuphazamiseka kukuxinzezeleka kwangaphakathi kwe-forging ngexesha lokunyanga ukushisa, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lokubunjwa emva kokunyangwa kobushushu luhlala luhlala ngenxa yomahluko kwiqondo lokushisa phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nokwahlukana kwinguqu yesakhiwo.

Xa olu xinzelelo ludlula isivuno sentsimbi ngexesha elithile ngexesha lokunyanga ukushisa, kuya kubangela ukuphazamiseka kokubumba.

Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluveliswa kwinkqubo yonyango lokushisa lubandakanya uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye noxinzelelo lokutshintsha kwesigaba.

1. Uxinzelelo lwe-thermal
Xa i-forging ishushu kwaye ipholile, ihamba kunye ne-phenomenon yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa okubandayo. Xa umphezulu kunye nombindi we-forging ufudunyezwa okanye upholile ngesantya esahlukileyo, okubangela ukuhluka kweqondo lokushisa, ukwandiswa okanye ukucutha komthamo kukwahluke kumhlaba kunye nombindi. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangelwa utshintsho oluhlukeneyo lwevolumu ngenxa yokwahlukana kweqondo lokushisa kuthiwa yi-thermal stress.
Kwinkqubo yonyango lobushushu, uxinzelelo lwe-thermal lokubumba lubonakaliswa ngokukodwa: xa i-forging ifudumala, ubushushu bomhlaba bukhuphuka ngokukhawuleza kunobunzulu, ubushushu bomhlaba buphezulu kwaye buyanda, ubushushu obuphambili buphantsi kwaye abunandisi, ngeli xesha uxinzelelo loxinzelelo lomphezulu kunye noxinzelelo loxinzelelo oluphambili.
Emva kwe-diathermy, iqondo lobushushu eliphambili liyanyuka kwaye i-forging iyanda. Ngeli xesha, ukubunjwa kubonisa ukwanda kwevolumu.
Ukupholisa kwesixhobo sokusebenza, ukupholisa komphezulu ngokukhawuleza kunombindi, ukushwabana komphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu bentliziyo ukunqanda ukushwabana, ukucinezeleka koxinzelelo phezu komhlaba, intliziyo ivelisa uxinzelelo olucinezelayo, xa ipholile ukuya kwiqondo elithile lobushushu, umphezulu awusenasivumelwano, kwaye ukupholisa okungundoqo kwenzeka ngenxa yokucutheka okuqhubekayo, umphezulu luxinzelelo olucinezelayo, ngelixa intliziyo yoxinzelelo lwengqondo lusekugqibeleni okupholayo, ngelixa uxinezeleko lukhona. uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo.

2. Uxinzelelo lokutshintsha isigaba

Kwinkqubo yonyango lokushisa, ubunzima kunye nomthamo we-forgings kufuneka utshintshe ngenxa yokuba ubunzima kunye nomthamo wezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka.
Ngenxa yokwahlukana kweqondo lokushisa phakathi kwendawo kunye neyona nto iphambili yokubumba, ukuguqulwa kwezicubu phakathi kwendawo kunye nengundoqo akukafiki ngexesha, ngoko ke uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luya kuveliswa xa ubunzima bangaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nokuguqulwa kwevolumu kuyahluka.
Olu hlobo loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangelwa ngumahluko wokuguqulwa kwezicubu lubizwa ngokuba nguxinzelelo lwesigaba sokutshintsha.

Ubuninzi bezakhiwo ezisisiseko kwintsimbi zonyuka ngokulandelelana kwe-austenitic, pearlite, sostenitic, troostite, hypobainite, tempered martensite kunye ne-martensite.
Ngokomzekelo, xa i-forging icinyiwe kwaye ipholile ngokukhawuleza, umaleko womphezulu uguqulwa ukusuka kwi-austenite ukuya kwi-martensite kwaye umthamo uyandiswa, kodwa intliziyo isekwimeko ye-austenite, ukuthintela ukwandiswa komgangatho ophezulu. Ngenxa yoko, intliziyo ye-forging iphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-tensile, ngelixa i-surface layer iphantsi koxinzelelo loxinzelelo.
Xa iqhubeka nokuphola, ubushushu bomphezulu buyehla kwaye abunandisi, kodwa umthamo wentliziyo uyaqhubeka nokudumba njengoko utshintshela kwi-martensite, ngoko ke ithintelwa ngumphezulu, ngoko intliziyo iphantsi koxinzelelo loxinzelelo, kwaye umphezulu uphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-tensile.
Emva kokupholisa iqhina, olu xinzelelo luya kuhlala lungaphakathi kwi-forging kwaye lube luxinzelelo olushiyekileyo.

Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokucima kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa, uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye noxinzelelo lwesigaba sokutshintsha luchasene, kwaye iingcinezelo ezimbini ezihlala kwi-forging nazo zichasene.
Uxinzelelo oludibeneyo loxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye noxinzelelo lokutshintsha kwesigaba lubizwa ngokuba ngukucima uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
Xa intsalela yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwi-forging idlula indawo yemveliso yentsimbi, i-workpiece iya kuvelisa i-deformation yeplastiki, okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokukhwabanisa.

(ukusuka: 168 forgings net)