1. Ka ferrite
ʻO ka Ferrite kahi hopena paʻa waena i hana ʻia e ke kalapona i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma -Fe.Ua hōʻike pinepineʻia e like me F.It malama i ka bulk centered cubic lattice hale o alpha -Fe.Ferrite i haʻahaʻa kalapona maʻiʻo, a me kona mechanical waiwai kokoke i ka poe o ka maemae hao, kiʻekiʻe plasticity a me ka toughness, a me ka haʻahaʻa ikaika a me ka paakiki.
2. Ka austenite
Austenite mea He interstitial paʻa hoʻonā o kalapona i hoʻoheheʻe 'ia i loko o -Fe, maʻamau i hōʻike 'ia e like me A.It malama i ka maka-waena o cubic lattice hoʻolālā o gamma-Fe.Austenite i kiekie ae kalapona solubility ma mua o ferrite, a me kona mechanical waiwai ua ikeia e ka maikai plasticity. , ikaika haʻahaʻa, paʻakikī haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka plastic.

3. Ka sima
ʻO ka Cementite kahi hui i hana ʻia e ka hao a me ke kalapona, nona ka ʻano kemika ʻo Fe3C. Loaʻa iā ia ka 6.69% kalapona a he ʻano aniani paʻakikī. ʻO ka cementite he paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻino ka plasticity, aneane ʻole, a he wā paʻakikī a brittle. ʻO ka Cementite ka mea hoʻoikaika i ke kila kalapona.I loko o ka hao-carbon alloys, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka cementite, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka plasticity.
4. ʻO Pearlite
Pearlite mea he mechanical huikau o ferrite a me cementite, maʻamau denoted e P.The awelika kalapona maʻiʻo o pearlite mea 0.77%, a me kona mechanical waiwai ma waena o ferrite a me cementite, me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, 'ano paʻakikī a me kekahi plasticity. hiki ke puunaueia ka cementite ma ke ano granular ma ka ferrite matrix.Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka pearlite spherical, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana piha.
5. Ledeburite
ʻO ka leutenite he hui mechanical o austenite a me ka cementite, i hōʻike pinepineʻia e like me Ld. ʻO ka maʻamau kalapona o Leutenit he 4.3%. Ke hoʻomahaʻia i 727 ℃, e hoʻololiʻia ka austenite i leustenite i pearlite. a me ka cementite, i kapaia leutenit ma haahaa wela, denoted e Ld '. ʻO ka microstructure o Leutenit ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka cementite, no laila ua paʻakikī a brittle kona mau waiwai mechanical.