1. Beryllium oxide:beryllium oxide ha e lahleheloe ke tšepe e ngata feela, empa hape e fokotsa boleng ba bokaholimo ba forgings le bophelo ba ts'ebeletso eaforging die.Haeba petelitsoe ka tšepe, theforgingse tla hlakoloa.Ho hloleha ho tlosa beryllium oxide ho tla ama mokhoa oa ho reteleha.
2. Decarburization:Decarburization e bolela ketsahalo ea hore carbon eohle kapa karolo e ka holim'a tšepe e chesoa.Decarburization e etsa hore bokaholimo ba sebaka sa mosebetsi bo bonahale eka ke matheba a bonolo, ho fokotsa boima ba bokaholimo, ho hanyetsa ho roala le matla a mokhathala.
3. Ho chesa haholo le ho chesa ho feta tekano:Overheat e bua ka tšepe ka futhumatsang ka nģ'ane ho mocheso lumelloa, e le hore ho hōla lijo-thollo mahoashe.Ho chesa haholo ha ho thuse ho phekola mocheso, e le hore li-forgings li fetohe brittle le thepa ea mechine e fokotsehile, empa e ka felisoa ka ho tloaeleha kapa ho hlatsuoa ka morao.forging.Ho chesa ho feta tekano ho bolela ketsahalo ea li-oxide kapa ho qhibiliha ha litšepe ka lebaka la nako ea ho futhumatsa e le telele haholo le mocheso o phahameng haholo.Feberu e ke ke ea lokisoa.

4. Khatello ea kelello:ka lebaka la phapang pakeng tsa ka hare le ka ntle ho tšepe, ho atolosoa ha ho lekane, 'me khatello ea ka hare e hlahisoa, e bitsoang khatello ea mocheso.Phetoho e latellanang ea sebopeho sa metallographic e bakoang ke ho futhumatsa le eona e baka khatello ea maikutlo, e bitsoang microstructure stress.Sena se tla etsa hore workpiece ka futhumatsang crack, etsa hore workpiece ka mor'a hore koloi e sebetsana le crack le maqeba.
5. Ho robeha ha karolo ea sefapano:sekoli sena se senya metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale le ho lumellana ha microstructure ea tšepe, ho fokotsa boima ba ho tima le ho senya thepa ea mechine.Haeba mocheso oa annealing o phahame haholo 'me o fella ka karolo ea graphite, ho ke ke ha e-ba bonolo ho khaola le ho tima mocheso o feteletseng le deformation.Empa haeba annealing tlas'a mocheso kapa mocheso o tlaase, pearlite e ke ke ea phethahatsa ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše, ha e thuse ho itšeha le kalafo e ileng ea latela mocheso.
6. hard and brittle mesh carbide: e fokolisa matla a maqhama pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa kristale, thepa ea mechine e mpe haholo, haholo-holo matla a ts'usumetso a fokotsehile, empa a ka ntlafatsoa kapa a felisoa ka ho tloaeleha.Haeba ho na le banded carbide, e tla etsa hore ho thatafala le sebopeho sa quenching le tempering se lekane, 'me ho le bonolo ho deformation, e leng e boetse e le sekoli ea bande sebopeho sa pearlite le ferrite hammoho tataiso ea ho sebetsa deformation.Ka nako e ts'oanang, e tla boela e fokotse polasetiki le ho tiea ha tšepe, e le hore boholo ba machining bo se ke ba tsitsa, ho apara lisebelisoa tse potlakileng.