ʻO nā kalaiwa kaumahapāʻani i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻenekinia, no laila pehea e hana ainā kalaiwa kaumahaua lilo ia i mea noʻonoʻo o nā mea a pau, a laila e kaʻana like me ʻoe i kekahi mau ʻano hananā kalaiwa kaumaha.
Hoʻopaʻa apo kaumahaʻo ka ʻōwili ʻana i kanā kalaiwai loko o kahi ʻano poepoe, hiki ke hoʻomalu i ka hoʻomanawanui dimensional o nā huahana a hoʻemi i ka nui o ka mīkini.Akā i ke koho ʻana i nā forgings apo, pono mākou e makaʻala ʻaʻole e koho i nā forgings apo defect.Inā koho mākou i nā forging apo defect, e hoʻopilikia nui ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka papahana, a loaʻa pū kekahi pilikia.No laila, pehea e koho ai i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kaumaha?
ʻO ka mea mua, pono mākou e nānā i ka ʻili o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe: inā he mau māwae ka ʻili, pelu, wrinkling, nā lua kaomi, ʻili ʻalani, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala, nā lua ʻino, nā puʻupuʻu, nā mea haole, ʻaʻole piha, nā lua, nele i ka ʻiʻo. , nā ʻōpala a me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe, ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻoe e kūʻai.
ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻae ʻana i ka nui o nā forgings kaumaha kekahi mau koi pili no ka mea o nā forgings kaumaha.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka billet e like meke kalaiwa anaʻāpana noke kalaiwa anahana ʻana.A ʻo nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻāpana pono e hōʻoia i kahi lākiō forging, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i ka nui o ke kila poepoe likeke kalaiwa anahana i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka forging ka wela wela,ke kalaiwa anaʻo ka pinepine, ka nui o ke kaomi he mau koi koʻikoʻi kēia.ʻO nā kristal metala i lokonā kalaiwa kaumahaʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūkulu ʻana, ʻaʻole e uhaʻi ke kaʻina hana forging i nā fiber metala o ka mea maka a hiki i nā laina metala maʻalahi.

ʻAʻole maʻalahi kēia mau pōmaikaʻi o nā forgings kaumaha, ʻo ia ka mea ma muli o kāna mau koi ʻenehana koʻikoʻi.ʻO ka nui o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā apo apo kaumaha e hoʻokō i nā kūlana palekana o ka honua, a pono e kūlike ka mea me nā mea o nā ʻāpana, a pono ke ʻano kemika e hoʻokō i nā kūlana kūlike o ka ʻāina.I ka manawa like, pono e hoʻopuka ʻia ka papa inoa mea.ʻO nā ala nui e hōʻemi ai i ka ʻike hydrogen i loko o ke kila, ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka ninini ʻana.No kekahi mau forgings me nā koi kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana remelting electroslag e hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka maʻemaʻe o ke kila.Lapaʻau wela ma hope o ka hana ʻana: Dehydrogenation annealing e hoʻopuehu i ka hydrogen mai ke kila.
ʻO ka mea i luna nei ke ʻano kūpono o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka forging kaumaha, ʻoiaʻiʻo, no kāu kuhikuhi wale nō, i ka manawa like, manaʻolana hoʻi e kōkua iā ʻoe.