Forgingsemva kokucima, i-martensite kunye nokugcinwa kwe-austenite ayizinzile, banombutho ozenzekelayo wenguqu kwimo yozinzo, njengekhabhoni ye-supersaturated kwi-martensite ukukhupha i-residual austenite decomposition ukuze ukhuthaze ukutshintshwa, okufana nokucaphuka ngumbutho ongekho ulungelelwaniso ukulungelelanisa inkqubo yombutho kunye ne-digfusion kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa kunye ne-digization igqityiwe iqondo lobushushu lomlilo liphezulu, isantya esikhawulezayo sokusasazwa; Ngokuchasene noko, ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, ubume bokucima bezinto zokufunxa ziya kungena uthotho lweenguqu. Ngokwemeko yenguqu ye-microstructure, i-temperature yahlulahlulwe ngokubanzi ngokwezigaba ezine: ukubola kwe-martensite, ukubola kwe-austenite okushiyekileyo, ukukhula kokuqokelela kwe-carbide kunye ne-ferrite recrystallization.
Inqanaba lokuqala (200)
(1) ukwenzaukutshisa martensite ukubola phantsi 80 ubushushu ubushushu, ukucima intsimbi ngaphandle Ming S umbutho inguqu, ukwenzeka carbon kwi martensite inxalenye kuphela, kwaye akukho iqala ukudiliza kwi 80-200 tempering, martensite iqala ukubola, precipitate carbides ezifihlakeleyo kakhulu, ukunciphisa iqhezu ubunzima martensite kwi carbon forginging inxalenye yeqondo lobushushu eliphantsi kuphela, ukunyanzeliswa iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi le nxalenye kuphela. yeeathom zekhabhoni ezigqwesileyo, ngoko ke iseyikhabhoni kwi- - Fe supersaturated isisombululo esiluqilimaImvula yecarbide entle kakhulu isasazeke ngokulinganayo kwimatrix yemartensite. Isakhiwo esixubeneyo sokugcwala okuphantsi kweMartensite kunye ne-carbide entle kakhulu ibizwa ngokuba yi- tempered Martensite.

(2)ukwenzaubushushu kwisigaba sesibini (200-300), intsalela austenite ukubola xa ubushushu benyuka ukuya 200-300, ukubola martensite waqhubeka, kodwa utshintsho olubalaseleyo yi residual austenite ukubola intsalela austenite ukubola kwaba ngokusebenzisa ukwandiswa carbon athom ukwenza umxube carphabide indawo kunye nombutho inxenye, kunye negama alphabliki indawo alphabliki. ukubunjwa kokuqina kwentsimbi ye-bainite akunciphisi ngokucacileyo kweli nqanaba
(3)Inqanaba lesithathu (250-400) inguqu ye-carbide ye-forging tempering ikuloluhlu lobushushu. Ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu, amandla okusasazwa kweCarbon athom yomelele, amandla okusasaza ukubuyisela iiathom zentsimbi, kwakhona, i-martensite ibolisa inguqu ye-carbides yemvula kunye nokubola okushiyekileyo kwe-austenite kuya kujikwa ibe yi-cementite ezinzileyo kunye nokwahlula kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-carbides, ukuncipha kwe-martensite kwi-martensite ye-martensite ye-martensite ye-martensite ye-martensite digruction ferrite, ukufumana ukuhanjiswa ferritic matrix ngaphakathi kwesamente encinane granular okanye lamellar umbutho, umbutho ebizwa tempering ngokusisiseko yapheliswa esi sigaba austenite quenching uxinzelelo, ubulukhuni, ukuqina plasticity kwaphuculwa.

(4)Inqanaba lesine forging tempering (& GT; 400) wakhula carbide eqokelelwe kwaye recrystallization of ferrite ngenxa yobushushu iqondo eliphezulu kakhulu, carbon kunye neeathom zentsimbi zinamandla anamandla okwandisa, isigaba sesithathu ukubunjwa cementite flakes uya ngokuqhubekayo spheroidizing kwaye wakhulela ngaphezu 500-600, icwecwe alpha recrystallization ilahleko icwecwe, icwecwe le-alpha ferrite ilahleko icwecwe okanye icwecwe. Ukusasazwa kweenkozo zepolygon kumbutho njenge-ferritic matrix granular carbides, iqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-teering sorbite tempered sorbite eneempawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi zoomatshini zesigaba kunye nelathisi egqwethekileyo isusa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.

(ukusuka kwi-168 yokwenza umnatha)