Ngokukhuluukuqamba, lapho ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa impofu noma inqubo yokubumba ingekho ngesikhathi esifanele, imifantu yokubumba ngokuvamile kulula ukwenzeka.
Okulandelayo kwethula izehlakalo ezimbalwa zokukhwabanisa okubangelwa izinto ezimbi.
(1)Ukuqambaimifantu ebangelwa ukukhubazeka kwe-ingot

Iningi lezinkinga ze-ingot zingabangela ukuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokufojwa, njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni, okuwumfantu omaphakathi we-2Cr13 spindle forging.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ububanzi bezinga lokushisa elicwebezelayo lincane futhi i-coefficient yomugqa yokuncipha inkulu uma ingot engu-6T iqina.
Ngenxa yokunganele nokushwabana kwezinga lokushisa, umehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa phakathi nangaphandle, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwe-axial tensile, i-dendrite yaqhekeka, yakha umfantu we-inter-axial ku-ingot, eyanwetshwa nakakhulu ngesikhathi sokubumba ukuze ibe umfantu ku-spindle forging.

Isici singaqedwa ngokuthi:
(1)Ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kokuncibilikiswa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe;
(2) Ukupholisa kwe-Ingot kancane, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka okushisayo;
(3) Sebenzisa i-ejenti yokushisa enhle kanye ne-insulation cap, ukwandisa ikhono lokugcwalisa ukuncipha;
(4)Sebenzisa inqubo yokuhlanganisa emaphakathi.

(2)Ukuqambaimifantu ebangelwa ukuna kokungcola okuyingozi ensimbi eduze kwemingcele yokusanhlamvu.

Isibabule esisensimbi sivamise ukuna phezu komngcele wokusanhlamvu ngendlela ye-FeS, indawo yayo yokuncibilika ingu-982℃ kuphela.Emazingeni okushisa okubumba angu-1200℃, i-FES emngceleni wokusanhlamvu izoncibilika futhi izungeze okusanhlamvu ngendlela yefilimu ewuketshezi, ezobhubhisa isibopho phakathi kwezinhlamvu futhi ikhiqize ubuthakathaka obushisayo, futhi ukuqhekeka kuzokwenzeka ngemva kokwenza kancane.

Uma ithusi eliqukethwe ensimbi lishisiswe endaweni ye-peroxidation ku-1100 ~ 1200 ℃, ngenxa ye-oxidation ekhethiwe, izindawo ezinothile ngethusi zizokwakheka phezu kongqimba olungaphezulu.Lapho ukuncibilika kwethusi ku-austenite kudlula okwethusi, ithusi lisakazwa ngendlela yefilimu ewuketshezi emngceleni wokusanhlamvu, lenze i-copper brittleness futhi ayikwazi ukufojwa.
Uma kukhona i-tin ne-antimony ensimbi, ukuncibilika kwethusi ku-austenite kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi ukuthambekela kwe-embrittlement kuzoqina.
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwethusi okuphezulu, ingaphezulu lensimbi yokubumba i-oxidized ngokukhetha ngesikhathi sokushisisa kwe-forging, ukuze ithusi licetshiswe eduze komngcele wokusanhlamvu, futhi i-crack forging yenziwa ngokufaka i-nucleating nokwandisa eduze kwesigaba somngcele ocebile ngethusi.

(3)Ukwakha i-crackokubangelwa yi-heterogeneous phase (isigaba sesibili)

Izakhiwo zemishini zesigaba sesibili ensimbi zivame ukuhluka kakhulu ku-matrix yensimbi, ngakho-ke ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe kuzobangela ukuthi inqubo yonke ye-plasticity yehle lapho ukuguqulwa kugeleza.Uma ingcindezi yendawo idlula amandla okubopha phakathi kwesigaba esingafani ne-matrix, ukuhlukaniswa kuzokwenzeka futhi kuzokwakhiwa izimbobo.
Ngokwesibonelo, i-oxides, nitrides, carbides, borides, sulfide, silicates nokunye ensimbi.
Ake sithi lezi zigaba ziminyene.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamaketanga, ikakhulukazi ngasemngceleni wokusanhlamvu lapho amandla okubopha abuthaka ekhona, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokubumba lizoqhekeka.
I-macroscopic morphology yokuqhekeka komgunyathi okubangelwa imvula enhle ye-AlN eduze komngcele wokusanhlamvu wama-ingots angu-20SiMn steel 87t ifakwe i-oxidized futhi yethulwa njengamakristalu ekholomu e-polyhedral.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-microscopic kubonisa ukuthi ukuqhekeka kokubumba kuhlobene nenani elikhulu lemvula yezinhlamvu ezinhle ze-AlN eduze komngcele oyinhloko wokusanhlamvu.

Izinyathelo zokulwa nazovimbela ukuqhekeka kokuqambaokubangelwa ukuna kwe-aluminium nitride eduze kwekristalu imi kanje:
1. Nciphisa inani le-aluminium engezwe ensimbi, susa i-nitrogen ensimbi noma vimbela imvula ye-AlN ngokungeza i-titanium;
2. Yamukela ingot yokulethwa okushisayo kanye nenqubo yokwelapha yokushintsha isigaba esipholile;
3. Khulisa izinga lokushisa lokuphakelayo (> 900℃) kanye nokufaka ukushisa okuqondile;
4. Ngaphambi kokufoja, i-homogenization annealing eyanele iyenziwa ukwenza ukusabalalisa kwesigaba semvula yomngcele wokusanhlamvu.