Makuru ekukanda uyeforgingstamba basa rakakosha mukugadzira maturusi emuchina, kugadzira mota, kuvaka ngarava, chiteshi chemagetsi, indasitiri yezvombo, kugadzira simbi nesimbi nemimwe minda.Sezvikamu zvakakosha kwazvo, zvine vhoriyamu yakakura uye huremu, uye tekinoroji yavo uye kugadzirisa kwakaoma.Iyo nzira inowanzo shandiswa mushure mekunyungudutsa ingot,forgingkana kunyungudukazve kukanda, kuburikidza ne-high-frequency heat machine kuti uwane saizi inodiwa yechimiro uye zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemamiriro ayo ebasa.Nekuda kwemaitiro ayo ekugadzirisa tekinoroji, kune humwe hunyanzvi hwekushandisa hwekuona kukanganisa kwe ultrasonic yekukanda uye kuforoma zvikamu.
I. Ultrasonic kuongorora kwekukanda
Nekuda kwekukura kwezviyo zvakakasharara, kusanzwisisikika kwenzwi uye kuderera kwechiratidzo-ku-ruzha chiyero chekukanda, zvakaoma kuona kukanganisa nekushandisa danda reruzha rine high frequency inonzwika simba mukuparadzira kwekukanda, kana ikasangana nemukati. pamusoro kana kuremara, chirema chinowanikwa.Huwandu hwehuratidziro hwesimba rinonzwika ibasa rekutungamira uye zvimiro zvemukati mepamusoro kana kuremara pamwe neacoustic impedance yemuviri unofungidzira wakadaro.Naizvozvo, iyo inonzwika inonzwika simba rehurema hwakasiyana kana mukati memukati inogona kushandiswa kuona nzvimbo yehurema, ukobvu hwemadziro kana kudzika kwehurema pasi pevhu.Ultrasonic yekuongorora seyakashandiswa zvakanyanya isingasviki yekuyedza nzira, yakanakira yayo yakakura ndeiyi: yakakwirira yekuona senitivity, inogona kuona mitswe yakanaka;Iine yakakura kupinda mukati, inogona kuona gobvu chikamu castings.Mipimo yayo mikuru ndeiyi inotevera: zvakaoma kududzira iyo inoratidzwa waveform ye disconnection defect ine yakaoma contour saizi uye kutadza kutungamira;Zvisikwa zvisingadiwe zvemukati zvimiro, senge saizi yezviyo, microstructure, porosity, inosanganisirwa zvemukati kana yakanaka yakapararira precipitates, zvakare inotadzisa waveform kududzira.Pamusoro pezvo, kunongedzera kune akajairwa bvunzo mabhuroko anodiwa.

2.forging ultrasonic inspection
(1)Forging processinguye zvikanganiso zvakajairika
Forgingsdzakagadzirwa nesimbi inopisa ingot yakaremara neforging.Theforging processzvinosanganisira kudziyisa, deformation uye kutonhora.Forgingskukanganisa kunogona kukamurwa kuita zvikanganiso zvekukanda,kukanganisa kwekugadzirauye kukanganisa kurapwa kwekupisa.Kukandira kuremara kunosanganisira shrinkage residual, loose, inclusion, crack and so.Kugadzira kukanganisakunyanya zvinosanganisira kupeta, gwapa jena, mutswe zvichingodaro.Iko kukanganisa kukuru kwekupisa kupisa ndiko kutsemuka.
Shrinkage cavity residual ndiyo shrinkage cavity muingot mukugadzira kana musoro usina kukwana kuti urambe uripo, unowanzoitika pamagumo ekugadzira.
Yakasununguka ndiyo ingot solidification shrinkage yakaumbwa muingot haisi gobvu uye makomba, kuforoma nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekuforoma reshiyo uye isina kunyungudika zvizere, kunyanya mune ingot centre uye musoro.e
Kubatanidzwa kune mukati mukati, kunze kwekunze kusina-metallic kubatanidzwa uye kuiswa kwesimbi.Iyo yemukati inclusions inonyanya kuiswa pakati uye musoro weingot.
Kutsemuka kwacho kunosanganisira kutsemuka kwekukanda, kutsemuka kwefogi uye kutsemuka kwekurapa kupisa.Intergranular cracks mu austenitic steel inokonzerwa nekukanda.Kugadzira zvisina kufanira uye kurapwa kwekupisa kuchagadzira mitswe pamusoro pepamusoro kana pakati pekugadzira.
Iyo chena poindi ndeye yakakwira hydrogen yemukati mefogi, kutonhora nekukurumidza mushure mekugadzira, iyo yakanyungudika haidrojeni musimbi yakanonoka kutiza, zvichikonzera kutsemuka kunokonzerwa nekunyanya kushushikana.Mavara machena anonyanya kuiswa pakati pechikamu chikuru chekugadzira.Mavara machena anogara achionekwa mumasumbu musimbi.* x- H9 [:
(2) Muchidimbu nzira dzekuona kukanganisa
Zvinoenderana nechikamu chenguva yekuona kukanganisa, kuumbwa kwekuona kukanganisa kunogona kukamurwa kuita mbichana yekuona kukanganisa uye kugadzira maitiro, kuongorora chigadzirwa uye mu-sevhisi kuongorora.
Chinangwa chekuonekwa kwekuremara mumidziyo yekugadzira uye nzira yekugadzira ndeyekutsvaga kuremara nekukurumidza kuitira kuti matanho atore nguva yekudzivisa kusimudzira uye kuwedzera kwehurema huchikonzera kuputswa.Chinangwa chekuongorora chigadzirwa ndechekuona kunaka kwechigadzirwa.Chinangwa che-in-service inspection ndechekutarisa kukanganisa kunogona kuitika kana kukura mushure mekushanda, kunyanya kuneta kutsemuka.+ 1. Kuongororwa kweshaft forgings
Iyo yekugadzira nzira ye shaft forgings inonyanya kuenderana nekudhirowa, saka kutarisisa kwehurema hwakawanda kunofanana neaxis.Iyo yekuona maitiro ehurema hwakadai yakanakisa nelongitudinal wave yakatwasuka probe kubva kune radial direction.Tichifunga kuti hurema huchave nekumwe kugovera uye kutaridzika, saka shaft yekugadzira kutadza kuona, inofanirwawo kuwedzeredzwa neiyo yakatwasuka probe axial yekuona uye oblique probe circumferential yekuona uye axial kuonekwa.
2. Kuongororwa kwekeke uye mbiya forgings
Kugadzira keke uye mbiya forgings kunonyanya kugumbuka, uye kugoverwa kwekuremara kwakafanana nechiso chekupedzisira, saka ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekuona kuremara nekuferefeta kwakatwasuka pachiso chekupedzisira.
3. Kuongororwa kwema cylinder forgings
Iyo yekuumba maitiro ehumburumbira forging inogumbura, kurova nekukunguruka.Naizvozvo, kutariswa kwekuremara kwakaoma kupfuura iyo shaft uye makeke forgings.Asi nekuda kwekuti chikamu chepakati cheiyo yakashata yemhando ingot yakabviswa pakubaya, mhando yemacylinder forgings inowanzova nani.Mamiriro makuru ehurema achiri kuenderana necylindrical pamusoro kunze kwecylinder, saka cylindrical forgings ichiri kuonekwa zvakanyanya neiyo yakatwasuka probe, asi kune iyo cylindrical forgings ine madziro akakora, oblique probe inofanirwa kuwedzerwa.
(3) Kusarudzwa kwemamiriro ekuona
Probe kusarudzwa
Forgingsultrasonic inspection, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa ye longitudinal wave yakananga probe, wafer size ye φ 14 ~ φ 28mm, inowanzoshandiswa φ 20mm.Fordiki forgings, iyo chip probe inowanzoshandiswa tichifunga nezvemunda uri padyo uye kurasikirwa kwekubatanidza.Dzimwe nguva kuti uone hurema neimwe Angle yenzvimbo yekuona, zvakare inogona kushandisa imwe K kukosha kweiyo yakarerekera probe kuti ionekwe.Nekuda kwesimba renzvimbo yebofu uye padyo nemunda wenzvimbo yeyakananga probe, iyo kaviri crystal yakananga probe inowanzoshandiswa kuona kure kure kure kure.
Mbeu dzefogi dzinowanzo diki, saka yakakwirira yekuona kukanganisa frequency inogona kusarudzwa, kazhinji 2.5 ~ 5.0mhz.Kune mashoma mafogi ane saizi yakakasharara yezviyo uye kudzikisira kwakakomba, kuitira kudzivirira "masango echo" uye kugadzirisa chiratidzo-ku-ruzha reshiyo, yakaderera frequency, kazhinji 1.0 ~ 2.5mhz, inofanira kusarudzwa.